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Year 2000 Issues for the Electric Utility Industry 5 <br />Transfer - Systems exchange dates with other. systems, frequently without standard date <br />formats between systems. This forces the need to review each and every system. Often, <br />date-stamped data is collected by an intermediate system or device and the use of that <br />information must be traced. Some examples of date transfer include: <br />■ Batch processing ■ Statistical Process Control (SPC) <br />■ Process information management ■ Time synchronization of PLC's, <br />systems (PIMs) networks, network applications, <br />■ Dates embedded in bar codes communications <br />■ PLC programming ■ Electronic transactions (commerce, <br />notifications, inquiries, status, etc.) <br />■ Keyboard entry <br />■ Production planning <br />Output - These situations are not critical if the end-user can properly interpret the date <br />format. In some cases, however, the output can affect a later use in the "information <br />chain." Some examples of date -oriented sensitive output include: <br />■ Shift reports ■ Printed schedules <br />■ Shipping documents ■ Orders <br />■ Operator interface screens ■ Compliance documents <br />■ Notifications ■ Change management documents <br />■ Billings/Invoices <br />Calculations - Functions specific to calendar date, day of the week, and other calendar - <br />based periods could have Y2k-related issues. The difference between two dates can be <br />very sensitive, especially if the result is used in a denominator. Some general <br />calculation -related areas include: <br />■ Specific operations by day, or other ■ Expiration dates <br />calendar -based period including ■ Comparisons <br />startup and shutdown routines, <br />report generation and scheduling ■ Custom programs <br />■ Counters that span the year 2000 ■ Dates as code <br />rollover ■ Access control <br />■ Energy management systems ■ Supervisory control and sequencing <br />Copyright 1998, TAVA/R. W. BeckLLc <br />AU rights reserved. �TAIA R\WRECK <br />