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1 federal government or, if necessary, by state or local governments using authorities <br />2 available to them; and <br />3 WHEREAS, in 1998, the California Air Resources Board entered into a <br />4 Memorandum of Understanding with the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railroad <br />5 Company, and the Union Pacific Railroad Company, under which the railroads agreed to <br />6 <br />utilize locomotives in the South Coast Air Basin that would meet certain emissions <br />7 <br />limitations; and <br />8 <br />WHEREAS, in 2003, the South Coast Air Quality Management District adopted the <br />9 <br />10 most recent revision to its Air Quality Management Plan. The 2003 Plan includes stringent <br />11 emissions standards for factories, power plants, on -road and off-road mobile sources and <br />12 other sources that are within the regulatory jurisdiction of the South Coast District and the <br />13 California Air Resources Board — including sources powered by diesel engines similar to <br />14 locomotives and rail yard equipment. The percentage of emission reductions that will be <br />15 achieved by significant sources subject to state and local authority is substantially greater <br />16 than the percentage of emissions reductions that will be achieved by locomotives under <br />17 existing federal regulations and the 1998 MOU; and <br />18 WHEREAS, the 2003 South Coast District Plan proposes a significant amount of <br />19 <br />emissions reductions through means that are yet to be specifically determined. To the <br />20 <br />extent that emissions from locomotives and rail yard equipment are not controlled, <br />21 <br />additional emissions reductions from sources subject to state and local regulatory <br />22 <br />23 jurisdiction, which have already been stringently regulated, will be required; and <br />24 WHEREAS, one means of mitigating emissions from locomotives is by funding <br />25 programs to reduce equivalent emissions from other sources that contribute to ozone, <br />26 PM10, PM2.5, or toxic air pollution. For example, the lack of grade separations between <br />27 rail lines and surface streets in the South Coast Air Basin contributes to emissions from <br />28 <br />